Cavities, also known as dental caries, develop due to a range of factors that compromise tooth enamel and allow bacteria to thrive. Firstly, sugar consumption provides bacteria with the fuel to produce acids that erode enamel. Secondly, poor oral hygiene leads to plaque buildup, which, if not removed, harbors cavity-causing bacteria. Frequent snacking, especially on sugary or starchy foods, continuously exposes teeth to acids, causing more damage over time. Dry mouth or lack of saliva, which normally helps wash away food and bacteria, also increases the risk. Acidic drinks, like soda, soften enamel and make it more prone to decay.
Additionally, poor diet lacking essential minerals like calcium and phosphate weakens enamel. Deep grooves or pits on the tooth surface can trap food and bacteria, making these areas harder to clean. Aging and gum recession expose the tooth roots, which are more susceptible to decay. Genetics also plays a role, as some people inherit softer enamel or less effective saliva. Finally, inadequate fluoride exposure—through toothpaste or water—leaves enamel more vulnerable. Addressing these factors through proper dental care and lifestyle changes can help prevent cavities and maintain oral health.
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