Gum Health

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is primarily caused by the accumulation of plaque on the teeth and gums. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth after eating or drinking, particularly when proper oral hygiene practices, such as brushing and flossing, are neglected. If plaque is not removed regularly, it hardens into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional. The bacteria in plaque and tartar cause inflammation of the gums, leading to a mild form of gum disease called gingivitis.

Other contributing factors include poor diet, particularly one high in sugar, which fuels bacterial growth. Smoking and tobacco use are major risk factors, as they impair the immune system, making it harder to fight gum infections. Genetics also play a role, with some individuals being more susceptible to gum disease despite good oral care. Additionally, hormonal changes during pregnancy or menopause, certain medications that reduce saliva flow, and chronic conditions such as diabetes can increase the risk of gum disease.

Without treatment, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease that damages the soft tissue and bone supporting the teeth, potentially leading to tooth loss.